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Multicatheterized Mini Pig

The multicatheterized mini pig, model for studies in nutrition and metabolism

Contact = Didier Rémond

The "Must" of this animal model compared to rodents

Behavior / food preferences close to humans (Omnivore eats by "meal", naturally "hyperphage" if fed at will, no coprophagia)

Digestive physiology and metabolism close to those of humans (Remond et al, 2013: Food structure and nutritional effects, Modeling the fate of food: animal models, Ed QUAE)

Functionality of the microbiota close to that of man (Xiao et al, 2016 Nature Microbiol, 96% homology of the functional pathways of the human microbiota found in pigs).

Small adult size: 25-30 kg in adulthood (surgical approaches comparable to humans, easy implantation of permanent measuring devices; Possibility of muscle biopsies, adipose tissue, liver ...)

For what measures?

Dynamic and quantitative studies of digestive and metabolic processes in specific sites (digestive tract (from duodenum to colon), liver, muscles) via repeated sampling on the same individual.

Originality: intestinal digestibility, studies of kinetics of absorption / metabolic use of nutrients after a meal.

Installation of digestive cannulas to follow the digestion of food

Cannulation site: Gastric, Duodenal, Ileal, Caecal

Possible Measurements:

- Kinetics of digestion and study of terminal products of digestion.

- Digestibility of food macro-micronutrients (apparent, real) in the small intestine, colonic fermentation. Possible use of labeled foods (15N, 13C)

Placing catheters in blood vessels to monitor the metabolic use or fate of nutrients / metabolites in tissues and organs

Catheter placement site: Aorta (arterial blood), portal vein, mesenteric vein, splenic vein, hepatic vein, iliac vein, jugular vein, placement of ultrasonic flowmeter probes for the measurement of arterial and venous blood flow;

Tissues studied: Digestive tract (artery - portal vein difference), Liver (portal vein / artery difference - hepatic vein), Rear axle (artery - iliac vein difference)

Possible Measurements:

- Absorption / bioavailability of nutrients (supplement digestion studies)

- Nutrients flow through the digestive tract, liver, back train (muscle) - Use of labeled molecules (amino acids, short chain fatty acids, glucose) to analyze the metabolic fate of nutrients, synthesis and degradation of tissue proteins ....

- Insulin metabolism resistance test (OGTT, IVGTT, ITT, ...) ....

To answer which questions?

Digestion / digestibility and speed of food digestion

- Apparent and / or actual digestibility tests on novel foods (calculation of DIAA for proteins)

- Impact of technological processes applied to food on protein digestibility

- Protein Digestibility in Complex Meals

Homeostatic adaptations in situations of nutritional challenge or in catabolic state

- Competition between tissues and organs for the use of nutrients in a situation of over-nutrition, obesity, inflammation

- Muscle proteinsynthesis and proteolysis in catabolic state induced by dexamethasone

Role of the microbiota in the appearance of nutrients in the portal vein (role of dietary fiber via short chain fatty acids in particular).